Ndewo Izu: A Meditation on Lineage and Legacy?

“Ndewo Izu,” meaning “Thank You Ancestor,” is a striking terracotta sculpture attributed to Emenike Nwankwo, an artist whose work unfortunately remains largely undocumented. This enigmatic piece, dating back to the 7th century, offers a window into the complex social and spiritual world of early Igbo communities in what is now southeastern Nigeria.

The sculpture itself depicts a stylized human figure, seated cross-legged with hands resting on its knees. The features are simplified yet evocative: a broad nose, almond-shaped eyes, and full lips. A prominent neck leads to a rounded head adorned with intricate geometric patterns that recall traditional Igbo hairstyles.

While the exact meaning of “Ndewo Izu” remains open to interpretation, scholars suggest it may be more than simply a gesture of gratitude towards ancestors. The figure’s posture, reminiscent of meditative practices common in Igbo culture, hints at a deeper contemplation of lineage and inheritance.

This interpretation is further supported by the presence of scarification marks on the figure’s chest and shoulders. Scarification, often used to denote clan affiliation or individual status within Igbo society, suggests this figure represents not just an ancestor but a revered elder, perhaps even a lineage founder.

The sculpture’s rough texture, achieved through the hand-building technique commonly employed by Igbo potters of the era, speaks to its connection with the earth and the spiritual realm. Terracotta, a material readily available in the region, was imbued with symbolic significance. It represented the enduring bond between the living and their ancestors, who were believed to reside within the earth.

The Role of Ancestor Veneration in Igbo Culture:

Ancestor veneration plays a pivotal role in Igbo cosmology. Ancestors are seen as benevolent guardians who continue to influence the lives of their descendants. They provide guidance, protection, and ensure the continuation of traditions. Rituals honoring ancestors were commonplace, involving offerings of food, libations, and prayers. These practices reinforced social bonds and fostered a sense of collective identity within Igbo communities.

“Ndewo Izu,” therefore, can be interpreted as not merely an artistic object but a tangible expression of this profound respect for ancestors. It embodies the Igbo belief in the enduring presence of the past and its ongoing influence on the present. The sculpture serves as a powerful reminder that individuals are not isolated entities but exist within a continuum of generations, their lives intertwined with those who came before them.

Stylistic Analysis:

The stylistic features of “Ndewo Izu” reflect broader artistic trends in 7th century Igbo art:

Emenike Nwankwo: An Enigma:

Unfortunately, little is known about Emenike Nwankwo, the artist believed to have created “Ndewo Izu.” This lack of documentation highlights the challenges facing art historians who study pre-colonial African art. Many works are anonymous, making it difficult to trace their origins and understand the artists’ intentions.

Nevertheless, despite the obscurity surrounding Nwankwo, “Ndewo Izu” stands as a testament to the enduring power of art to transcend time and cultural boundaries. It invites us to contemplate the complex relationship between individuals, ancestors, and community. Through its enigmatic beauty and evocative symbolism, “Ndewo Izu” continues to resonate with viewers centuries after its creation, offering a glimpse into the rich spiritual world of ancient Igbo culture.

Perhaps, one day, further research will shed more light on Emenike Nwankwo and the artistic context in which “Ndewo Izu” was created. Until then, we can appreciate this remarkable sculpture for its artistic merit and the profound insights it offers into the human experience of lineage and legacy.